RANAR HAUSA A TA DUNIYA
ARON KALMA (WORD BORROWING)
(c) Aliyu M. Ahmad
A da
can kafin zuwan addinin Musulunci da Turawan Mulkin Mallaka (Colonial
Masters) Hausa mutane da suke da fasaha, tsarin rayuwa bisa tada (al'ada)
ta yanki daban-daban. Hausawa suna magana da harshensu na Hausa. Hausa kuwa ta
kansakance ta yanki-yanki, kowanne yanki na da irin karin harshe da zaɓar
kalmomi (words choice) da yake amfani da su wajen furta magana da isar
da sakwanni.
Da
yake Hausawa na da yalwar kalomomi (vocabularies), ga fasaha wajen
sarrafa kalma (syntax/الصرف) da zaɓar kalmomi (word choice), da kuma amfani
da ita, duk da haka bai hana Hausawa amfani da kalmomin aro ba saboda baƙin
abubuwa da suke shigowa Hausawa wandanda ada can basu da shi; misali: mota,
bindiga, kwalfuta, tarho da sauran su.
Kuma
yawanci wanda suke shigowa da Hausawa baƙin abubuwa da farkon-farko Addinin Musuluncine (Larabci),
Labarawa ƴan kasuwa da Turawan Mulkin Mallaka (Ingilishi), sai kuma
wanda Hausa ke cuɗayya da su wajen zama kamar Fulani, Yarbawa, Kanuri, Swahili dss.
Hausawa na aro kalmomin Larabci da Turanci da ma sauran yarunka da Hausawa ke
cuɗanya
da su ta hanyoyi biyu; ‘Loanword’ (aron kalma da amfani da ita kai
tsaye); da kuma ‘Loan Blend’ (aron kalma tare da ‘dan yi mata
kwaskwarima).
Ta ɓangaren
aron kalma kai-tsaye (Loanword); Hausawa na aro bakin kalmomi daga wasu
yaruka (e.g. Larabci (Arabic) da Ingilishi (English) da sauransu)
mafiyawanci hanyoyi uku (3) Loanword, ɗaya (1) Loan
blend, in aka haɗe huɗu (4) kenan:
HANYA TA FARKO:
Hausa
kan aro kalmar Larabci ko Ingilishi saboda zuwa da baƙin
abubuwan (objects) da ada Hausawa basu da shi na ƙirƙira
(fasaha/technology), ilimi, tsarin mulki, cuɗayya
(mu’amala) dss, misali:
Bindiga
(البندقية), waya (wire), hankacif (handkerchief), alkami (القلم),
biro (biro), tarho (telephone), taya (tyre/tire),
bukiti (bucket), jami’a (الجامعة), kwaleji (college) sukari
(sugar/السكر), kwalfuta (computer), lantarki (electrical), akawu
(accountant), kwala (collar), fanka (fan), gwamna (governor),
biskit (biscuit), hijabi dss.
HANYA TA BIYU:
Hausawa
su kan aron kalma Larabci ko Ingilishi sai su musanya wadanda suka aro da nasu
na tuntuntuni (asali), misali:
Sani
= ilimi (العلم), wadata = arziki (الرزق), kwartanci = zina (الزنا), rashin sani
= jahilci (الجهل), daidai = adalci (العدل), madubi = miro (mirrow),
likidiri = bukiti (bucket), laulawa = keke (daga Yarbanci), kaico =
nadama (الندم), magana = kalami (الكلام), raga = net, karkarwa = babreshin (vibration),
lambu = gadina (garden), magatakarda = sakatare (secretary), dss.
HANYA TA UKU
Hausawa
su kan aro kalmomin wasu yaruka gudabiyu (2) ko fiye, sai su hadesu a wajen
guda (hybrid) su kuma yi amfani da su, su yi magana da junansu, su kuma
fahimta, misali:
Kofin-shayi
(kofi = cup (English), shayi =الشي (Arabic)); injin biredi
(inji = engine (English from Latin ‘ingenium’),
biredi/borodi = bread (English)), alkalin kotu (alkali = القاضي (Arabic),
kotu = court (English)), dss.
HANYA TA HUDU (LOAD BLEND)
Hausa
kan aro kalma daga wani yare, sai cakuɗata da ta su ta asali (load blend) ta kuma bada
cikekkekiya ma’ana, misali:
Maficin
roba (mafici = abin fifitawa/bada iska (Hausa), roba = rubber (English));
injin nika (inji = engine (English), nika = mirzewa/faffasa abu
zuwa kananu (Hausa)),
Makaranta
= (ma = ɗafi
{affixation, prefix} na karin ma’ana da ke nuna wajen aiki e.g.
ma’aikata (idan ake wani aiki), majema (inda ake jime fatu), manoma (inda ake
noma) dss (Hausa), karanta = daga karatu, karatu daga قرأت ie. na yi karatu (Arabic)).
Abune
mai wuya, ka yini kana magana ba tare da furta kalmar aro, saboda da dabaibayin
da kalmomin aro suka mana. Saboda da #RanarHausa ka gwada yini kana
magana da kalmomin Hausa tsantsa ba gwauraye (mix).
- Aliyu
M. Ahmad
26th August, 2017CE
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