KOKO DA ƘOSAI
Wani ya yi tambaya, da wane suna za a ƙira KOKO DA ƘOSAI a harshen Turanci. Na ce: “Abu ɗaya da ya kamata mu fahimta game da harshe, shi ne; harshe yana tafiya daidai da al’ada; al’ada kuma ta haɗa da tsarin rayuwa, sutura, abinci, mu’amalar yau da kullum na mutane”.
Koko da ƙosai a ƙamus na (Hausa-English):
Charles Henry (1913) A Dictionary of the Hausa:
• KOKO – “a drink made from the flour of ‘gero’ beaten up in a 'turumi' and drunk hot” (shafi na 199)
• ƘOSAI – “a cake cooked in oil” (shafi na 202)
Paul & Roxana (1977) Language da Modern Hausa-English Dictionary;
• KOKO – “a gruel made of guine-corn flour, which has been soaked in water for two or three days” (shafi na 67)
• ƘOSAI – “fried cakes made of bean flour” (shafi na 77).
Duk bayanan sama, bayani ne na ma’ana (definition) suka bayar, ba ma’anar kalma-da-kalam (word meaning) ba (mis. boy = yaro).
Abin da za ka fara tambayar kanka, shin Turawa suna da wani abu 'KOKO' ko 'AKAMU'? A’a, sai dai wasu abubuwan sha masu kama da koko, waɗanda ake yi daga alkama (boza), oat (oatmeal), shinkafa (congee), sha’ir (sawiƙ)... duk waɗannan dangin abin sha ne da ake ce musu ‘GRUEL’ ko ‘PORRIDGE’ (kunu-kunu), kamar dai 'kunun tsamiya' da 'koko' da muke da su.
ƘOSAI (Hausa ko ‘KOOSE’: a ƙasar Ghana) da Yarbanci, AKARA. A wajen mutanen Yamma, an fi amfani da kalmar ‘AKARA’, saboda bayin Yarbawa (Baianas) da ake kaiwa 'Bahia' ta ƙasar Brazil suna yin 'ƙosai' a can, suna ce masa ‘acarajé’, daga asalin kalmar ‘akara’; ‘acarajé’: ma’ana, ‘zo ka ci akara’ (Barbosa, 2015) Ozoz Sokoh (2016) ya ce a 2009 da ya je ƙasar Netherland, ya ga ƙosai, ana ƙiransa da ‘acarajé’, daga dai kalmar ‘akara’ (ta Yarbanci).
A baya-bayan nan ne, aka danganta kalma ‘bean cake’ da ƘOSAI a Merriam-Webster, Encyclopaedia da media platforms, wasu kuma na danganta `bean cake' da ‘moi-moi’ (alala), sannan a wasu sassan duniya, 'bean cake' wani abu ne daban. Idan mun fahimci bayanin sama, KOKO DA KOSAI baƙon abinci ne a wajen Turawa, don haka; ba laifi ba ne, don an yi amfani da kalmar KOKO DA AKARA a Turanci ba.
Harshe (recipient) na aron kalma ne daga wani harshen (donor) saboda wata alaƙar addini, tattali, tarayya, ko mulki. Idan wasu mutane suka zo da sabon abu, wanda wasu ba su da shi, to za su karɓi abun da sunan da ya ta zo da shi, saboda ba shi da kalmar da zai maye gurbinta da ita. Misali, 'coinage' na kalmomin 'maggi' da 'omo' a Nijeriya, ko, 'chatting', 'likes', 'posting/wallafawa', 'profile/shafi', 'tweet', 'status'... a Social Media.
Kafin zuwan Turawa, Hausawa ba su da abinci ‘biscuit’, sai aka karɓa a ‘biskit’, haka cakulati/chocolate, radiyo/radio, minister/ministers, ofis/office, bel/belt, fetir/petrol, inji/engine, tarho/telephone, mota/motor (car), haka ‘alewa’ daga Larabawa ‘حلو’, sukari/سكر, kofi/كوب/cup da sauransu.
Da ace Turawa suna da KOKO da KOSAI/AKARA a abincinsu, za ka samu kalmar cikin harsunansu kamar ‘shinkafa dafa-duka’ (jallof rice), ‘dabge’ (pepper chicken/farfesu), shinkafa (rice)... Idan kuma mun so, sai mun yi amfani da kalmomi Turanci, za mu iya "word adaptation" da kalmomin abubuwan da suke kusa da namu na gida a mana'a, misali:
• KOSAI = ‘bean cake’
• KOKO/AKAMU = 'pap' ko ‘(millet) porridge’
• KUNU = ‘(millet) gruel’; tamarin millet gruel (kunun tsamiya)
• FURA = ‘(millet) dough ball’
Aron kalma daga wani harshe, ba ya nuna ƙasƙanci ga harshen, bal ma ci gaba ne. Duk duniya a yau, ba yaren da ya kai Turanci ci gaba, saboda yana yawan are-are kalmomi da karɓar sauyi.
✍️ Aliyu M. Ahmad
24th Safar, 1444AH
21st September, 2022CE
#AliyuMAhmad
#RayuwaDaNazari
#Linguistics
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