GUZURIN RAMADAN VII: SHARUDDAN WAJIBCIN AZUMI

Azumtar watan Ramadhana yana zama wajibi akan dukkan wanda WAJIBAN SHARUDDAN AZUMI suka tabbata akansa kamar haka:

1. MUSULUNCI

Yana daga cikin Sharuddan Wajibcin Azumin Watan Ramadhan; mutum ya kasance Musulmi wanda yayi imani da Allah, Manzon Allah (S.A.W.) da kuma abin da Allah Ya aiko da Annabi (S.A.W.); - Misali: Qur’an Nisa’i aya ta 136

Azumin watan Ramadhan baya halatta akan kafiri, wa lau Ahlul-Kitabi (Yahudu da Nasara) ko wanin su. Dalilin da ya sa na ce na Ramadhan kawai ga Musulmai shi ne; saboda su ma wadanda suke sauran addinai musamma Ahlul-Kitabi (Yahudawa da Nasara) a baya an wajabta musu Azumi k amar yadda Allah Ya fadi a cikin Alkur’ani (Qur’an; Baqara aya ta 183) amma ba a irin lokacinmu ba (Watan Ramadhan) kuma har yanzu wasunsu suna yin ibadar Azumi. 

Misali:

Yahudu suna Azumin Pilegesh Bagiva, Nadab & Abihu, Gadaliah, Tammmuz, Miriam, Yom Kippur Katan, Tevet, Purim, Esther, Khmelnytsky. Nasara su Azumin Great Lent, Holy Week, Nativity Fast, Apostle’s Fast & Dormition Fast) - Qur’an; Baqara aya ta 183; Bible: Isaiah, chapter 58:6-7, Zachariah, chapter 7:5-10, Daniel, 8-16; Torah: 2 King 25:25-26; The Three Weeks: Mouring the Destruction Torah.org

2. HANKALI

Hankali sharadine daga cikin Sharudan Wajibcin Azumin Watan Ramadhan bayan kasancewar Musulmi. Azumi baya halatta ga wanda hankalinsa ya gushe (mahaukaci), kamar yadda aka ruwaito Hadisi daga Annabi (S.A.W.) hadisi Sayyadina Ali (R.A.):

"رفع القلم عن ثلاثة؛ عن النائم حتى يستقظ، وعن الصبي حتي يشب، وعن المعتوه حتى يعقل"

“An dauke alkalami (ba za’a rubuta aiyukan) akan mutane guda uku (3):1. Mai bacci har sai ya farka (daga baccinsa); da 2. Yaro karami (wanda bai balagha ba) har ya tasa (balagha); 3. Mai tabin hankali (Mahaukaci) har sai ya dawo cikin hayyacinsa (hankalinsa)”

– Tirmidhi ne ruwaito a hadisi na 1423; Ibn Majah, 2041; Nisa’i a cikin "الكبرى" 7346; Abu Dawud, 4397 / 4402 / 4403.

3. BALAGA

Azumi ya wabaja akan wanda ya kai kimar Mukallafi (Balagha), Azumi bai wajaba akan yaro wanda bai Balaga ba, kamar yadda yazo a Hadisin sama (Hadisin Sayyadina Ali ibn Abu Talib [R.A.],Tirmidhi 1423).

Matakin Balagha

Balagha tana tsakanin shekaru 10, 11 – 15 ga mace; shekara 14, 15 – 18 ga namiji kamar yadda magabata da kuma masana fannin lafiya na zamani suka tauttauna akai (MishkatulMasabih juzu’i na 2 shafi na 724).

Sannan akwai alamomin da suke nuna cewa mutum ya kai matsayin Mukallafi (balagagge), yawanci sun fi tasiri akan abubuwan da suke fitowa na Zahiri kamar haka:

Ga mace:

Fara jinin al’ada, fitowar mama (nonuwa) a kirji, budewar farji, fitowar gashi a hammata da kuma gaba, warin jiki da kara kaurin jiki (Mitchell et al (2011). "Genetic basis and variable phenotypicexpression of Kallmann syndrome: towards a unifying theory.". Trends Endocrinol Metab. 22 (7) p. 250).

Ga namiji:

Fitar maniyyi a farke ko a yayin bacci (mafarki); fitowar gashin hammata, fashewar murya, karin girma mazakuta dss (Krueger H, Osborn L. Effects of hygiene among the uncircumcised. J Fam Pract. 1986; 22 (4) :353–5).

Game da Azumin Yara (Wadanda basu Balagha ba)

Ga me da azumin yara (wadanda basu Balagha ba) an sami ruwaya ga Ibn Khuzaima wacce Rubayyibint Mu’awwiz (R) ta ce:

"...نصوم صبياننا، ونجعل لهم اللعبة من العهن، فإذا بكى أحدهم على الطعام، أعطيناه ذاك حتي يكون عند الإفطار"

“…Muna Azumtar da kananan yaranmu, kuma muna yi musu abin wasa na bugaggiyar auduga, idan dayansu yayi kukan yunwa sai mu bas hi wancan abin wasa, har lokacin buda-baki yayi”

A taikace da yana da kyau idan yaro ya dan fara wayo (idan ya kai shekaru 10-13 da haihuwa); ana barshi ko ana kwadaitar dashi yin Azumi domin ya saba kafin zuwan lokacinsa na wajibi, kamar yadda ya gabata a sama.

4. LAFIYA

Bayan kasancewar mutum Musulmi, mai hakali kuma ya kai matakin Balagha; to dole sai ya kasance yana lafiya da dama ta yin Azumin tukun Azumi ke zama wajibi akan, kamar yadda ya zo karara cikin Al-Qur’ani Mai Girma (cikin Suratul-Baqarah aya ta 184), inda Allah (S.W.T.) Ya ke cewa:

… وَمَن ڪَانَ مَرِيضًا أَوۡ عَلَىٰ سَفَرٍ فَعِدَّةٌ مِّنۡ أَيَّامٍ أُخَرَۗ

Fassara:

“…wanda daga cikinku ya kasance cikin rashin lafiya ko halin tafiya sai ya rama (abin da bai azumta ba) a wasu kwanaki…”

Ga wanda larurace mai yankewa (mace mai ciki, haila, jinin biki) ko wanda rashin lafiyar tasa mai warke wace sai ya rama in Allah ya bashi sauki (lafiya) kamar yadda ya zo cikin ayar Suratul Baqara ta sama, idan kuma wanda mutum ya tsufa-tukuf ba halin yin Azum ko mai jinya da kwararun likitoci sun tabbatar da cewa ba zai warke ba sai ya ciyar da miskinai (Baqara aya ta 184). Allah ne mafi sani.

5. MAZAUNIN GIDA

Ga wanda zai yi tafiyar ta kai Mil Arba’in da Takwas (kimanin Kilometer 77) ya iya ajiye Azumi ina yaso, in ya ga ba zai wahala ba ya iya dauka, kamar yadda Ayar Al-Qur’ani ta nuna (Suratul-Baqarah aya ta 184), da kuma Hadisin Abu Sa’id al-Khudry cikin Sahih Muslim sai yayi Azuminsa in ba takura.

أَيَّامًا مَّعۡدُودَٲتٍۚ فَمَن كَانَ مِنكُم مَّرِيضًا أَوۡ عَلَىٰ سَفَرٍ فَعِدَّةٌ مِّنۡ أَيَّامٍ أُخَرَۚ وَعَلَى ٱلَّذِينَ يُطِيقُونَهُ ۥ فِدۡيَةٌ طَعَامُ مِسۡكِينٍۖ فَمَن تَطَوَّعَ خَيۡرًا فَهُوَ خَيۡرٌ لَّهُ ۥۚ وَأَن تَصُومُواْ خَيۡرٌ لَّڪُمۡۖ إِن كُنتُمۡ تَعۡلَمُونَ ۝

Fassara:

“Kwanuka kidayayyu. To, wanda ya kasance majinyaci (mara lafiya) ko kuwa yana cikin halin tafiya sai (ya biya) adadi daga wasu kwanuka na dabam. Kuma a kan wadanda suke yinsa da wahala akwai fansa; ciyar da miskinai, sai dai wanda ya kara alheri, to, shi ne mafi alheri a gare shi. Kuma ku yi azumi (da wahalar) ne mafi alheri a gare ku, idan kun kasance kuna sani” – Baqara ayata 184

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To be continued… in sha Allah.

Aliyu M. Ahmad

19th Sha’aban, 1438 AH

(16th May, 2017 AD)