ABUBUWA 10 GAME DA AZUMIN ASHURA
1. Azumin Ashura, ɗaya ne daga cikin azumin nafila (ba farilla ba) da Annabi ﷺ Ya kwaɗaitar da yin sa, cikin hadisi Yana cewa: “Azumi mafi falala a wajen Allah bayan na Ramadhan shi ne azumi a cikin watan Allah, wato Al-Muharram.” (Muslim, 1163).
2. Wannan azumin na Ashura ya samo asali tun a lokacin da Annabi ﷺ, lokacin da Ya tarar da Yahudawa a Madinah suna yi saboda murnar tseratarwar da Ubangiji ﷻ Ya yiwa Banu Isra’ila daga kaidin Fir’auna, sai Annabi Musa (A.S.) Ya azumci ranar (don nuna godiya ga Ubangiji ﷻ), kamar yadda aka ruwaita daga Ibn Abbas (AS), Annabi ﷺ shi ma Ya azumci ranar, ya kuma cewa Sahabbai: “Ku (Musulmai) ku ka fi cancanta da (ku yi murna da nasarar) Annabi Musa (AS) fiye da su, saboda haka ku azumci ranar” (Bukhari, 1865).
3. Kafin a wajabta azumin Ramadhan a shekara ta 2 bayan Hijira (Al-Majmoo 5/250), Annabi da Sahabbai sun kasance suna azumtar Ashura (farilla), lokacin da kuma aka wajabta azumtar Ramadhan, sai Annabi ﷺ Ya bar azumtar Ashura, ya zama duk wanda ya ga dama ya azumta (Mustahabbi), wanda kuma ya ga dama ya bari (Bukhari, 2002).
4. Asali, ranar 10 ga Muharram ake azumta (ASHURA), saboda Annabi ﷺ Ya saɓa da Yahudawa, shi ne ya yi furucin “in Allah ya kai shi shekara mai zuwa, zai azumci tara, wato TASU'A, 9 ga Muharram (Muslim, 1134) don ya saɓa da su. Sai kuma ﷺ Ya yi wafati a ranar 13 ga Rabi’ul Awwal, shekara ta 11 bayan Hijira (Al-Qawl al-Mubeen, p. 78).
5. A lissafin bana (1446 Hijiyyah/2024 Miladiyya):
👉 Ranar Litinin, 15th July, 2024CE; ita ce 9th Muharram, 1446AH.
👉 Ranar Talata, 16th July, 2024CE; ita ce 10th Muharram, 1446AH.
👉 Ranar Laraba, 17th July, 2024CE; ita ce 11th Muharram, 1446AH.
Ga mutumin da ya rasa azumtar ranar 9th (TASU’A), zai iya yin 10 (ASHURA, Litinin 15th July, 2024CE) da 11 (Talata, 16th July, 2024CE). Wanda ya iya samu ya yi iya 10 (Ashura) ma kaɗai, insha Allahu ibadarsa ta yi (Ibn Abi Shaybah, Al-Musannaf 2/313).
6. Ga wanda ya azumci Ashura KAƊAI, tare da duk sharaɗun azumi, insha Allahu za a kankare masa zunubansa na shekarar da ta gaba, kamar yadda aka ruwaita a hadisin Abu Qatada daga Umar, Allah Ya ƙara musu yarda (Muslim, 1162).
7. Ga mutanen da aka ɗaukewa yin azumi, kamar mai al’ada, maras lafiya da matafiyi; za a basu ladan niyyar azumtar ranar, bisa hadisin Abu Musa: “إذا مرض العبد أو سافر كتب له مثل ما كان يعمل مقيمًا صحيحًا (Bukhaari, 2996). Kuma ba a ramkonsa, saboda ibada ce ta loto (lokaci) guda (in ta wuce, ta wuce, sai wata shekarar).
8. Mai azumi ya shagala da ibadu na Zikiri (karatun Alƙur’ani, Salatin Annabi ﷺ, Istigfari, Hailala dss), nafilolin sallah, sadaka, zumunci da ciyar da mai azumi, Annabi ﷺ Yana cewa: “Duk wanda ya ciyar da mai azumi da abin buɗa baki, yana da lada kamar nashi (mai azumin), ba tare da an raga daga cikin ladar mai azumin ba” (Sahih al-Jami’, 6415).
9. Mai azumi ya sani, azumi bai taƙaita akan iya kamewa daga CI da SHA ba, a’a; wajibi ne ya kame dukkan gaɓɓansa:
a. Kame HARSHE daga zantuka marasa amfani, ƙarya, gulma, giba, annamimanci dss.
b. Kame IDO daga KALLEN na haram, kamar kallon ajnabiyya, tsiraici, batsa dss.
c. Kame KUNNE daga jin sautukan kiɗe-kiɗen garmaho, gulma da sauran.
d. Kame ƘAFA daga zuwa wajen aiyukan assha (alfasha); HANNU daga taɓa haram ko sata da makamantan irin waɗannan.
Annabi ﷺ Yana cewa “Duk wanda bai bar maganar zur da aiki da ita ba; to Allah ba shi da wata buƙata ga barin cin abincinsa ko barin abin shansa (ma’ana, ba shi da azumi).” (Bukhari, 1903).
10. Annabi ﷺ Ya kwaɗaitar ga kowanne mai azumi yin SAHUR da BUƊA BAKI, Ya ambata cikin hidisi “Mutanena ba zasu gushe suna kan alkhairi ba; matuƙar suna gaggauta buɗa baki (Iftar), kuma suna jinkirta Sahur” (Imam Ahmad 5/174).
Allah Ya karɓa mana ibadu da addu’o’i, amin.
✍️ Aliyu M. Ahmad
7th Muharram, 1443AH
5th August, 2021CE
#AliyuMAhmad #Azumi #Musulunci #Ashura
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