1. 'Freedom of Speech' (‘Yancin faɗar albarkacin baki)
Kowanne ɗan ƙasa (Nijeriya), a mulkin dimokraɗiyya, yana da ‘yancin tofa albarkacin baki kan yadda ake tafikar da gwamnati, ko sukar gwamnati kan abin da take ba daidai ba (s. 39 CFRN).
Amma haramun ka yi jifa da kalmomin tunzura mutane (sedition. s. 51 CCA) ko yin ƙazafi (defamation, s. 391 PCA) ko cin zarafi ko rashin kunya wa jagorori. A al’adance da addinance, zagi da cin mutunci, ba wanda aka yi a jiya ba, har da na yau, da wanda za a yi a gobe, bai kamaci duk ɗa mai tarbiyya ba.
Ya kamata mu fahimci dukkaninmu mutane ne, zagin da ka yi wa mahaifa, masoya, malamai ko iyayen gidan wani a jiya, ka ji daɗi; irinsa ne idan aka yi wa masoyinka, ko ubangidanka, ko malaminka a yau, kai ma za ka ji ba ɗadi. Kowanne mutum yana jin daɗi idan aka yabe shi, yana kuma jin cin ciwo idan aka zage shi.
2. ‘Rule of Law’ da Ɗaukar Doka da Hannu
A ƙa’idar tsari da doka, ba wani mai ƙarfin iko/mulki ko don tarin dukiya ko shuhura (ɗaukaka) da don wani ya ci zarafinsa, ko yi masa ƙazafi da zai sa a tsare mutum. Ba ga masu madafun iko ba, ko ga ‘ordinary citizen’, idan wani ya ci ma zarafi, ko ɓata ma suna (mis. ƙazafi), ko take ma haƙƙi, ƙara zai kai domin a bi min haƙƙinka, ba ka ikon ɗaukar doka a hannu, ko sa wa a tsare mutum. Misali, 'case' ɗin su I.G. Wala da Chairman na NAHCON (Abdullahi Mukhtar) kan zargin 3billions daga kuɗin mahajjata (2017).
3. Tsare Wanda Ake Zargi da Laifi
A ƙa’ida, ko ‘yan sanda sun tsare mutum a ‘pre-trial process’, ba za su tsare mutumin da ake zargi (suspect) sama da awa 24 ba tare an gurfanar da shi a gaban kotu ba, an karanta masa tuhumarsa; sai dai, idan tsakanin wajen tsarewar (mis. police station) zuwa kotun, akwai tazarar 40kms, za a iya tsawaita tsarewar zuwa 48hrs (kwana 2 kenan), da zarar an zarce haka kuma, an takewa mutum haƙƙi, a matsayin ɗan ƙasa mai ‘yanci (s. 35(3)(5a)(6) CFRN).
Ana iya tsare wanda ake zargi ne a marhaloli 3:
1. Wanda ake zargi (suspect) a hannun ‘law enforcement’ (mis. ‘yan sanda), shi ma ba zai wuce awa 24 - 48 a ba tsare.
2. Wanda ake tuhuma (accused person) a ‘judicial process’ (zaman kotu), a nan alƙali zai iya a sa a tsare mutum, don jiran shari’ah (awaiting trial).
3. Wanda aka samu ko ya amsa laifi (convict) za a miƙa shi gida gyaran hali (correctional serɓice) na tsawon lokacin hukunci, ko yanke masa hukunci da ya dace.
A kotu ne alƙali ke da ƙarfin iko sa a tsare mutum domin sauraron shari’a (awaiting trial), kuma shi ma akwai rukunan laifukan da ake iya bayar da beli bisa (wasu) sharuɗɗa. 75% na masu zaman fursuna a Nijeriya masu jiran shariah ne (awaiting trial inmates); iya 25% waɗanda suke zaman kaso na hukunci. An ce, a Nijeriya ana samun masu jiran sharia da suke iya shafe shekaru sama da 10 - 15 a tsare, ba tare ƙarƙare shari’arsu ba, ba tare da bayar da beli ba (mis. Major Hamza Almustapha, 1998 - 2013).
TAMBIHI
1. Goyon bayan ɗaukar doka daga masu ƙarfin iko, bai shallake kowa ba, idan yau waninka ne, gobe za ka iya faɗawa komawarsu (Allah Ya kiyaye). Adalci shi ne, hukunta mutum bisa tsarin doka, NEMO EST SUPRA LEGES.
2. Ya halatta ka soki gwamnati, amma ka yi da salon hikima, ban da ƙazafi da rashin kunya. Idan kuma zargi ka ke, to ka tabbatar kana da hujja da za ka gabatarwa kotu.
3. Yadda idan aka zagi naka za ka ji ba daɗi, haka idan aka zagi na waninka shi ma zai ji ba daɗi; malami ne, masoyi ne, ubangijida ne, mahaifi ne, ko a karan-kanka.
✍️Aliyu M. Ahmad
Organizing Secretary
Law and Shariah Students Alumni (LASSA, JSCILS)
4th Jumada I, 1444CE
28th November, 2022CE
#AliyuMAhmad #RayuwaDaNazari #AliyuAndTheLaw #Nijeriya
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